Characterization of a novel cis-acting element that is responsive to a fungal elicitor in the promoter of a tobacco class I chitinase gene.

The expression of tobacco class I chitinase gene is effectively induced by a fungal elicitor in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. To identify cis-acting DNA elements that respond to the elicitor, a series of promoter constructs of the chitinase gene CHN50 fused to beta-glucuronidase gene was introduced into tobacco cultured cells. Promoter deletion analysis of the chitinase gene CHN50 in transgenic tobacco calli indicated that the DNA region between positions -788 and -345 from the start site of transcription is required for inducibility by the elicitor. A gel mobility shift assay revealed that nuclear factor(s) specifically interacted with the DNA region between positions -574 and -476. Moreover, this novel DNA-binding activity was present in nuclear extracts prepared from elicitor-treated cultured cells but not in extracts from untreated cells. Competitive binding assays and methylation interference experiments showed that the nuclear factor(s) bound specifically to a sequence of 22 bp that extended from positions -539 to -518 and contained a direct repeat of GTCAG spaced by three nucleotides. This motif is a candidate for a cis-acting elicitor-responsive element (ElRE) that is involved in the transcription of the class I chitinase gene.