Mumenthaler M
J Neurol. 1978 Aug 25;218(4):219-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00312878.
Giant cell arteritis, which is probably due to disturbed immune mechanisms, has a spectrum of clinical symptoms in elderly people. In nearly all cases such general signs as loss of appetite, loss of weight and fever are present. The sedimentation rate is almost without exception about 100 mm in the first hour. The two most frequent and typical clinical syndromes are polymyalgia rheumatica and cranial arteritis. The polymyalgia rheumatica is characterized by periarticular pain which is mostly symmetrical and accentuated in the shoulder girdle. Increasingly severe temporal headache and ocular distrubances are found with cranial arteritis in more than 50% of cases. A combination of both diseases is frequent. Other arterial branches are rarely involved. The course of the disease is over a period of 1 1/2 to 2 years. Treatment with corticosteroids is indicated mainly because of the severe ocular complications with blindness. It should begin immediately, be intensive and last over a long period. Regular followup is necessary over several years in order to avoid relapses.
巨细胞动脉炎可能是由于免疫机制紊乱引起的，在老年人中具有一系列临床症状。几乎所有病例都有食欲不振、体重减轻和发热等一般体征。血沉在第一小时几乎无一例外约为100毫米。两种最常见和典型的临床综合征是风湿性多肌痛和颅动脉炎。风湿性多肌痛的特征是关节周围疼痛，大多对称，在肩胛带处加重。超过50%的颅动脉炎病例会出现日益严重的颞部头痛和眼部障碍。两种疾病合并很常见。其他动脉分支很少受累。病程为1年半到2年。主要由于严重的眼部并发症导致失明，所以需要使用皮质类固醇进行治疗。治疗应立即开始，强化进行，并持续很长时间。为了避免复发，需要进行数年的定期随访。
