Pearman M H
Department of Anesthesia, Baptist Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina 29220.
Anaesthesia. 1994 Jan;49 Suppl:11-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03577.x.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting continues to pose problems for surgical patients. Three studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron in male and female patients undergoing outpatient surgery. Studies 1 and 2 included a total of 1169 female patients scheduled to undergo surgery on a day case basis. In study 3, 468 male patients scheduled for outpatient surgery were enrolled. Patients received ondansetron or placebo prior to induction of anaesthesia. Efficacy and safety data were collected for 24 h postoperatively. Studies 1 and 2, individually, revealed that ondansetron 4 mg and 8 mg were significantly (p < or = 0.05) better than placebo at preventing emesis. A combined analysis showed that the 4 mg and 8 mg doses were significantly (p < or = 0.05) better than ondansetron 1 mg at preventing emesis, while 8 mg was not statistically different from 4 mg. Therefore, 4 mg was chosen as the optimal dose. In study 3, ondansetron 4 mg was significantly (p < or = 0.001) more effective than placebo in preventing emesis in males. There were no differences between treatment groups with respect to vital signs, laboratory values, or adverse events. Intravenous ondansetron is safe and effective at preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in male and female patients undergoing day case surgery.
术后恶心呕吐仍然给外科手术患者带来困扰。开展了三项研究，以评估预防性静脉注射昂丹司琼对接受门诊手术的男性和女性患者的疗效和安全性。研究1和研究2共纳入了1169例计划日间手术的女性患者。在研究3中，纳入了468例计划门诊手术的男性患者。患者在麻醉诱导前接受昂丹司琼或安慰剂。术后24小时收集疗效和安全性数据。研究1和研究2各自显示，4毫克和8毫克的昂丹司琼在预防呕吐方面显著优于安慰剂（p≤0.05）。综合分析表明，4毫克和8毫克剂量在预防呕吐方面显著优于1毫克的昂丹司琼，而8毫克与4毫克在统计学上无差异。因此，选择4毫克作为最佳剂量。在研究3中，4毫克的昂丹司琼在预防男性呕吐方面显著优于安慰剂（p≤0.001）。治疗组在生命体征、实验室值或不良事件方面无差异。静脉注射昂丹司琼在预防接受日间手术的男性和女性患者术后恶心呕吐方面安全有效。
