Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of cardiac tumors, thrombi, and valvular vegetations.

Echocardiography is commonly used for the detection, assessment, and diagnosis of intracardiac masses. Since the introduction of M-Mode ultrasound in 1954, the subsequent development of two-dimensional Doppler, and transesophageal echocardiographic techniques have shown clinical efficacy in the evaluation of intracardiac pathology. The various presentations of cardiac tumors, thrombi, and valvular vegetations can pose a diagnostic challenge. In addition, once a diagnosis is established, data regarding risk stratification and prognosis are often required for further management. Echocardiography can serve these clinical needs.