Iwasaki S
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.
Cognition. 1993 Dec;49(3):211-33. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90005-g.
The relationship between spatial attention and visual consciousness was critically examined in an attempt to show the operation of two simultaneously available modes of visual consciousness (i.e., object consciousness, which concerns the conscious identification of objects, and background consciousness, which deals with conscious monitoring of the background scene). The traditional view seems to pay attention only to object consciousness, which is a product of spatial attention. To substantiate the hypothesis, five topics from varied fields of human experimental psychology were chosen: iconic storage, stabilized retinal image disappearance, stable perception of external space, texture segregation and attention, and spatial frequency sensitivity in a figure-ground reversal figure. The findings of these studies suggest that there may be visual consciousness outside of focal attention and that background consciousness operates as a default mode for global scene analysis and early warning of anomalies. Finally, neural substrata for these two modes of consciousness are suggested.
为了揭示两种同时存在的视觉意识模式（即涉及物体有意识识别的客体意识和处理背景场景有意识监测的背景意识）的运作，对空间注意力与视觉意识之间的关系进行了严格审查。传统观点似乎只关注作为空间注意力产物的客体意识。为了证实这一假设，从人类实验心理学的不同领域选择了五个主题：图像存储、视网膜稳定图像消失、外部空间的稳定感知、纹理分离与注意力以及图形-背景反转图形中的空间频率敏感性。这些研究结果表明，焦点注意力之外可能存在视觉意识，并且背景意识作为全局场景分析和异常早期预警的默认模式发挥作用。最后，提出了这两种意识模式的神经基础。
