Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), PSL Research University, INSERM, Paris, France.
Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), PSL Research University, INSERM, Paris, France; The Dynamic Perception Lab, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cortex. 2018 May;102:139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.019. Epub 2017 Jun 3.
Why should a scientist whose aim is to unravel the neural mechanisms of perception consider brain-body interactions seriously? Brain-body interactions have traditionally been associated with emotion, effort, or stress, but not with the "cold" processes of perception and attention. Here, we review recent experimental evidence suggesting a different picture: the neural monitoring of bodily state, and in particular the neural monitoring of the heart, affects visual perception. The impact of spontaneous fluctuations of neural responses to heartbeats on visual detection is as large as the impact of explicit manipulations of spatial attention in perceptual tasks. However, we propose that the neural monitoring of visceral inputs plays a specific role in conscious perception, distinct from the role of attention. The neural monitoring of organs such as the heart or the gut would generate a subject-centered reference frame, from which the first-person perspective inherent to conscious perception can develop. In this view, conscious perception results from the integration of visual content with first-person perspective.
为什么一个旨在揭开感知神经机制的科学家应该认真考虑脑-体相互作用呢？脑-体相互作用传统上与情绪、努力或压力有关，而与感知和注意的“冷”过程无关。在这里，我们回顾了最近的实验证据，这些证据表明了一个不同的情况：身体状态的神经监测，特别是心脏的神经监测，会影响视觉感知。对心跳神经反应的自发波动对视觉检测的影响与在感知任务中对空间注意的明确操作的影响一样大。然而，我们提出，内脏输入的神经监测在意识感知中起着特定的作用，与注意力的作用不同。心脏或肠道等器官的神经监测将产生一个以主体为中心的参考框架，从这个框架中可以发展出意识感知所固有的第一人称视角。在这种观点中，意识感知是视觉内容与第一人称视角的整合。
