Membrane rectification in single smooth muscle cells from the rat tail artery.

Membrane rectification to depolarization was studied by voltage recording with patch electrodes in freshly isolated cells from the rat tail artery. Injection of depolarizing currents elicited electrotonic potentials that developed with a single-exponential time course (time constant of 94.8 ms). When the cell was depolarized beyond -30 mV, delayed rectification was observed. A second type of rectification, characterized by oscillations, was observed when the cell was depolarized positive to +30 mV. The threshold of this rectification and the oscillations were sensitive to changes in intracellular Ca2+. Delayed rectification was more sensitive to 4-aminopyridine but more resistant to tetraethylammonium and charybdotoxin than the Ca(2+)-sensitive rectification. A 4-aminopyridine-sensitive outward current (IK,dr) with a threshold of around -30 mV and a second Ca(2+)-sensitive outward current (IK,Ca) activated at around +30 mV were observed from whole-cell voltage clamp recordings. IK,Ca was blocked by tetraethylammonium and charybdotoxin. An 11-pS and a 122-pS channel, having characteristics similar to IK,dr and IK,Ca respectively, were identified from single-channel recordings. These observations showed how membrane depolarization of vascular smooth-muscle cells was regulated by these two populations of K+ channels under various conditions.