Maillard J C, Kemp S J, Naves M, Palin C, Demangel C, Accipe A, Maillard N, Bensaid A
CIRAD-EMVT, Guadeloupe.
Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1993;46(1-2):283-90.
By using biological data and historical research, we have tried to explain the difference between resistance and susceptibility to the diseases transmitted (cowdriosis) or associated (dermatophilosis) with the tick Amblyomma variegatum, in two cattle breeds of the French West Indies: the Creole crossbred cattle of Guadeloupe and the Brahman zebu cattle of Martinique. Have been studied the polymorphisms of 5 independent genetic systems (erythrocytic haemoglobin, serum albumin and transferrin, the class I region of the BoLA complex and the gamma S crystallin gene) in different breeds comprising Bos taurus cattle of Europe and Africa, Bos indicus of West and East Africa, as well as the Brahman of Martinique and the Creole crossbred of Guadeloupe. By comparing the different allele frequencies of these 5 non related polymorphic loci and by using the two different mathematical matrices of NEI and of CAVALLI-SFORZA, have been established the genetic distances between these breeds. It appears clearly that the Creole cattle of Guadeloupe are in an intermediate position between the Bos taurus N'Dama breed of West Africa and two Bos indicus zebu breeds, namely the West African Sudan zebu and the Brahman. Thanks to studies of different archieves in the Caribbean and in Europe, historical evidence have been accumulated on the geographical origins and on the chronology of the establishment of Creole and Brahman cattle in the French West Indies. The high resistance of the Creole cattle of Guadeloupe to diseases associated with or transmitted by the "Senegalese" tick Amblyomma variegatum seems to be due to the inheritance of a pool of genes from West African cattle and more particularly from the N'Dama breed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
通过利用生物学数据和历史研究，我们试图解释法属西印度群岛的两个牛品种对由杂色花蜱传播（牛巴贝斯虫病）或与之相关（嗜皮菌病）的疾病的抗性和易感性差异：瓜德罗普岛的克里奥尔杂交牛和马提尼克岛的婆罗门瘤牛。我们研究了5个独立遗传系统的多态性（红细胞血红蛋白、血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白、牛白细胞抗原复合体的I类区域以及γS晶状体蛋白基因），这些遗传系统存在于不同品种中，包括欧洲和非洲的普通牛、西非和东非的瘤牛，以及马提尼克岛的婆罗门牛和瓜德罗普岛的克里奥尔杂交牛。通过比较这5个不相关多态位点的不同等位基因频率，并使用NEI和CAVALLI - SFORZA两种不同的数学矩阵，确定了这些品种之间基因距离。显然，瓜德罗普岛的克里奥尔牛处于西非普通牛N'Dama品种与两个瘤牛品种（即西非苏丹瘤牛和婆罗门牛）之间的中间位置。通过对加勒比地区和欧洲不同档案的研究，积累了关于克里奥尔牛和婆罗门牛在法属西印度群岛的地理起源和引入时间顺序的历史证据。瓜德罗普岛的克里奥尔牛对与“塞内加尔”杂色花蜱传播或相关疾病的高抗性，似乎归因于从西非牛尤其是N'Dama品种继承的一组基因。（摘要截选至250字）
