Martinez D, Aumont G, Moutoussamy M, Gabriel D, Tatareau A H, Barré N, Vallée F, Mari B
CIRAD-EMVT, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe.
Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1993;46(1-2):323-7.
Dermatophilosis is one of the most important diseases of domestic ruminants in the Caribbean islands where the clinical disease has been shown to be associated with the presence of the tick Amblyomma variegatum. Seroepidemiological studies were conducted to clarify the epidemiology of the disease in the region with a particular attention paid to the role of A. variegatum. A bank of 1300 cattle sera from the Lesser Antilles was screened by ELISA for the presence of antibodies to Dermatophilus congolensis. It appeared that seropositive animals do exist in islands non infested by A. variegatum and where dermatophilosis is never or seldom seen. Moreover, there was no significant difference in prevalence of seropositive animals between tick-infested and non infested areas of Martinique and Saint Lucia, 2 islands partly infested by the tick, and where dermatophilosis is only seen in tick-infested areas. Prevalence was low in small islands with a dry climate. This confirms experimental data showing that A. variegatum is not necessary for the transmission of D. congolensis which is widespread in most of the islands. High concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (between 151 and 377 ng/ml) and prostacyclin (between 124 and 134 ng/ml) found in the saliva of females A. variegatum strongly suggest that the tick could favour the development of the lesions through an immunomodulating activity of its saliva. However, despite some success in reproducing dermatophilosis on goats simultaneously infested with adult A. variegatum and scarified with Dermatophilus, no difference was observed between naturally resistant Creole cattle and very susceptible Brahman animals using the same model. The lesions of dermatophilosis remained very mild on animals of both breeds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
皮肤嗜皮菌病是加勒比群岛家养反刍动物最重要的疾病之一，临床疾病已被证明与变异革蜱的存在有关。开展血清流行病学研究以阐明该地区该病的流行病学情况，特别关注变异革蜱的作用。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对来自小安的列斯群岛的1300份牛血清样本库进行筛查，以检测是否存在抗刚果嗜皮菌的抗体。结果显示，在未受变异革蜱侵扰且从未或很少出现皮肤嗜皮菌病的岛屿上确实存在血清阳性动物。此外，在马提尼克岛和圣卢西亚岛这两个部分受蜱侵扰且仅在蜱侵扰地区出现皮肤嗜皮菌病的岛屿，蜱侵扰地区和未受侵扰地区血清阳性动物的患病率没有显著差异。在气候干燥的小岛屿上患病率较低。这证实了实验数据，表明变异革蜱对于在大多数岛屿广泛传播的刚果嗜皮菌的传播并非必要条件。在变异革蜱雌蜱唾液中发现高浓度的前列腺素E2（151至377纳克/毫升之间）和前列环素（124至134纳克/毫升之间），强烈表明蜱可能通过其唾液的免疫调节活性促进病变发展。然而，尽管在同时感染成年变异革蜱并接种刚果嗜皮菌的山羊身上成功诱发了皮肤嗜皮菌病，但使用相同模型时，天然抗性的克里奥尔牛和非常易感的婆罗门牛之间未观察到差异。两个品种动物的皮肤嗜皮菌病病变都非常轻微。（摘要截取自250词）
