Suttajit M, Vinitketkaumnuen U, Meevatee U, Buddhasukh D
Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):53-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101s353.
Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have been popularly used as a sweetener in foods and beverages for diabetics and obese people due to their potent sweetener stevioside. In this report, stevioside and steviol were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 and for chromosomal effects on cultured human lymphocytes. Stevioside was not mutagenic at concentrations up to 25 mg/plate, but showed direct mutagenicity to only TA98 at 50 mg/plate. However, steviol did not exhibit mutagenicity in either TA98 or TA100, with or without metabolic activation. No significant chromosomal effect of stevioside and steviol was observed in cultured blood lymphocytes from healthy donors (n = 5). This study indicates that stevioside and steviol are neither mutagenic nor clastogenic in vitro at the limited doses; however, in vivo genotoxic tests and long-term effects of stevioside and steviol are yet to be investigated.
甜叶菊的叶子因含有强效甜味剂甜菊糖苷，已被广泛用作糖尿病患者和肥胖人群食品及饮料中的甜味剂。在本报告中，对甜菊糖苷和甜菊醇进行了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100菌株的致突变性测试以及对培养的人淋巴细胞的染色体效应测试。甜菊糖苷在浓度高达25毫克/平板时无致突变性，但在50毫克/平板时仅对TA98显示直接致突变性。然而，甜菊醇无论有无代谢活化，在TA98或TA100中均未表现出致突变性。在健康供体（n = 5）的培养血淋巴细胞中未观察到甜菊糖苷和甜菊醇对染色体有显著影响。本研究表明，在有限剂量下，甜菊糖苷和甜菊醇在体外既无致突变性也无断裂剂作用；然而，甜菊糖苷和甜菊醇的体内遗传毒性测试及长期影响仍有待研究。
