Haslam R A, Parsons K C
Department of Human Sciences, University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
Ergonomics. 1994 Mar;37(3):399-416. doi: 10.1080/00140139408963659.
Four influential models, capable of predicting human responses to hot and cold environments and potentially suitable for use in practical applications, were evaluated by comparing their predictions with human data published previously. The models were versions of the Pierce Lab 2-node and Stolwijk and Hardy 25-node models of human thermoregulation, the Givoni and Goldman model of rectal temperature response, and ISO/DIS 7933. Experimental data were available for a wide range of environmental conditions, with air temperatures ranging from -10 to 50 degrees C, and with different levels of air movement, humidity, clothing and work. The experimental data were grouped into environment categories to allow examination of the effects of variables, such as wind or clothing, on the accuracy of the models' predictions. This categorization also enables advice to be given regarding which model is likely to provide the most accurate predictions for a particular combination of environmental conditions. Usually at least one of the models was able to give predictions with an accuracy comparable with the degree of variation that occurred within the data from the human subjects. The evaluation suggests that it is possible to make useful predictions of deep-body and mean skin temperature responses to cool, neutral, warm and hot environmental conditions. The models' predictions of deep-body temperature in the cold were poor. Overall, the 25-node model provided the most consistently accurate predictions. The 2-node model was often accurate but could be poor for exercise conditions. The rectal-temperature model usually overestimated deep-body temperature, although its predictions for very hot or heavy exercise conditions could be useful. The ISO model's allowable exposure times would not have protected subjects for some exercise conditions.
通过将四个有影响力的模型的预测结果与先前发表的人体数据进行比较，对其进行了评估。这四个模型能够预测人体对热环境和冷环境的反应，并且有可能适用于实际应用。这些模型包括皮尔斯实验室的两节点人体体温调节模型、斯托尔wijk和哈迪的25节点模型、吉沃尼和戈德曼的直肠温度反应模型以及ISO/DIS 7933。实验数据涵盖了广泛的环境条件，气温范围从零下10摄氏度到50摄氏度，并且有不同程度的空气流动、湿度、衣物和工作强度。实验数据被分组到不同的环境类别中，以便研究诸如风或衣物等变量对模型预测准确性的影响。这种分类还能够针对特定环境条件组合，给出关于哪个模型可能提供最准确预测的建议。通常，至少有一个模型能够给出与人体受试者数据中出现的变化程度相当的准确预测。评估表明，对于凉爽、中性、温暖和炎热的环境条件，有可能对深部体温和平均皮肤温度反应做出有用的预测。这些模型在寒冷环境中对深部体温的预测较差。总体而言，25节点模型提供了最一致准确的预测。两节点模型通常很准确，但在运动条件下可能较差。直肠温度模型通常高估深部体温，尽管其对非常炎热或高强度运动条件的预测可能有用。对于某些运动条件，ISO模型的允许暴露时间无法保护受试者。
