Macronutrient regulation of lipoprotein lipase is posttranslational.

To examine the relative impact of diet and meal composition on lipoprotein lipase (LPL), high fat (60% of energy) (HF) and high carbohydrate (68%) (HC) diets were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 2-3 wk, followed by overnight food deprivation and a meal of the same composition. Heparin-releasable LPL activities, mass and mRNA were measured in heart, diaphragm and soleus muscle and epididymal fat after food deprivation and 1, 2, 4 and 8 h postprandially. No effect of dietary macronutrient composition on LPL activity, protein or mRNA in food-deprived rats was demonstrated. However, in cardiac and diaphragm muscle, heparin-releasable LPL activity was suppressed by HC but stimulated by HF meal-feeding at 4 h. Moreover, in adipose tissue, the HC meal increased LPL activity at 1, 2 and 4 h relative to the basal period. Although there were no consistent effects of meal composition on LPL mass or mRNA in any one tissue, overall LPL mass was generally increased by HC meal-feeding. Because there were meal composition-dependent differences in LPL activity but no detectable differences in mass or mRNA in a particular tissue, LPL regulation by meals seems to be predominantly posttranslational.