Svensson B G, Akesson B, Nilsson A, Paulsson K
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994 Apr;41(4):411-20. doi: 10.1080/15287399409531853.
Fish contain methylamines, especially trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA), and dimethylamine (DMA). Further, DMA may be formed TMA and TMAO. DMA is a precursor of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), which is a potent carcinogen. Levels of DMA, TMA, and TMAO in urine were used as indicators of the dietary exposure and in vivo formation of these amines in 44 men, representing 3 groups with different fish consumption habits. The levels of TMA (median 0.24 mmol/mol creatinine; range 0-2.7) and TMAO (median 38 mmol/mol creatinine; range 8-290) were significantly associated with the weekly intake of fish (r = .47, p = .001, and r = .53, p = .0002, respectively), while no such relation was found for DMA (median 24 mmol/mol creatinine; range 5-46). Further, urinary levels of TMA and TMAO were dependent on recent intake of fish.
鱼类含有甲胺，尤其是氧化三甲胺（TMAO）、三甲胺（TMA）和二甲胺（DMA）。此外，DMA可能由TMA和TMAO形成。DMA是亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）的前体，而NDMA是一种强效致癌物。在44名男性中，尿中DMA、TMA和TMAO的水平被用作饮食暴露以及这些胺类在体内形成情况的指标，这44名男性代表了具有不同鱼类食用习惯的3组人群。TMA（中位数为0.24 mmol/mol肌酐；范围为0 - 2.7）和TMAO（中位数为38 mmol/mol肌酐；范围为8 - 290）的水平与每周鱼类摄入量显著相关（分别为r = 0.47，p = 0.001和r = 0.53，p = 0.0002），而对于DMA（中位数为24 mmol/mol肌酐；范围为5 - 46）未发现此类关系。此外，尿中TMA和TMAO的水平取决于近期鱼类摄入量。
