Mion L C, McDowell J A, Heaney L K
Nurse Pract Forum. 1994 Mar;5(1):46-51.
Malnutrition is a major risk for morbidity and mortality among elderly hospital and nursing home patients. Moreover, prevalence of malnutrition or inadequate nutrition among the elderly is quite high with 10% to 51% of community-residing elderly, 20% to 60% of hospitalized elderly patients, and up to 85% of nursing home patients showing significant nutritional deficits. Malnutrition in the elderly is a multifactorial problem involving physical, physiological, psychosocial, and economic factors. Because of the many factors that can contribute to inadequate nutrition in the elderly, the clinician needs to assess the elderly individual's physical function, cognition, mood, and alcohol use, socialization and living arrangements, finances, and medications as part of the routine nutrition assessment. Accurate identification of the underlying problems is essential. Interventions are aimed at reducing or alleviating risk factors for inadequate nutrition or at maintaining or promoting nutritional status. Thus, nutrition interventions cover a wide range of activities and can be provided by various social and health professionals. This article provides an overview of the common factors affecting the elderly's nutritional status, recommended assessment techniques, and intervention strategies.
营养不良是老年住院患者和疗养院患者发病和死亡的主要风险因素。此外，老年人中营养不良或营养不足的患病率相当高，10%至51%的社区老年人、20%至60%的住院老年患者以及高达85%的疗养院患者存在明显的营养缺乏。老年人营养不良是一个涉及身体、生理、心理社会和经济因素的多因素问题。由于有许多因素可能导致老年人营养不足，临床医生在常规营养评估中需要评估老年人的身体功能、认知、情绪、饮酒情况、社交和生活安排、财务状况以及用药情况。准确识别潜在问题至关重要。干预措施旨在减少或减轻营养不足的风险因素，或维持或促进营养状况。因此，营养干预涵盖广泛的活动，可由各种社会和卫生专业人员提供。本文概述了影响老年人营养状况的常见因素、推荐的评估技术和干预策略。
