Parsons O A
Center for Alcohol and Drug Related Studies, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104.
J Clin Psychol. 1994 Jan;50(1):37-46. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199401)50:1<37::aid-jclp2270500105>3.0.co;2-0.
Sober male and female alcoholics and peer controls were tested and then retested 14 months later on neuropsychological performance tests (NTP) and also had event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded (non-concurrently) to visual stimulation. Both NTP and ERP measures distinguish male alcoholics from peer controls at test and retest; NTP, but not ERP, scores distinguish female alcoholics from peer controls. Both measures manifest moderate to high reliabilities over time and are correlated modestly. NTP and ERP measures obtained at the end of treatment predict future resumers and abstainers 8 to 14 months later. The results demonstrate the utility of biopsychological approaches to alcoholism and support Grant's (1986) concept of alcoholics as suffering from an intermediate duration (subacute) organic mental disorder.
清醒的男性和女性酗酒者以及同龄对照者接受了测试，14个月后再次接受神经心理性能测试（NTP），并且（非同时地）记录了对视觉刺激的事件相关电位（ERP）。在测试和重新测试时，NTP和ERP测量都能将男性酗酒者与同龄对照者区分开来；NTP分数（而非ERP分数）能将女性酗酒者与同龄对照者区分开来。随着时间推移，这两种测量都表现出中度到高度的可靠性，且相关性适中。在治疗结束时获得的NTP和ERP测量结果能够预测8至14个月后未来的复饮者和戒酒者。结果证明了生物心理学方法在酗酒问题上的实用性，并支持了格兰特（1986年）提出的酗酒者患有中度病程（亚急性）器质性精神障碍的概念。
