Health and Addictions Research Center, Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York.
Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018 Jan;3(1):30-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions and represent a significant public health concern. Substantial research has identified key processes related to reinforcement and cognition for the development and maintenance of SUDs, and these processes represent viable treatment targets for psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. Research on SUD treatments has suggested that most approaches are comparable in effectiveness. As a result, recent work has focused on delineating the underlying mechanisms of behavior change that drive SUD treatment outcome. Given the rapid fluctuations associated with the key neurocognitive processes associated with SUDs, high-temporal-resolution measures of human brain processing, namely event-related potentials (ERPs), are uniquely suited to expand our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of change during and after SUD treatment. The value of ERPs in the context of SUD treatment are discussed along with work demonstrating the predictive validity of ERPs as biomarkers of SUD treatment response. Example associations between multiple ERP components and psychosocial and/or pharmacological treatment outcome include the P3a and P3b (in response to neutral and substance-related cues), the attention-related negativities (e.g., N170, N200), the late positive potential, and the error-related negativity. Also addressed are limitations of the biomarker approach to underscore the need for research programs evaluating mechanisms of change. Finally, we emphasize the advantages of ERPs as indices of behavior change in SUD treatment and outline issues relevant for future directions in this context.
物质使用障碍（SUD）是最常见的精神疾病之一，也是一个重大的公共卫生关注点。大量研究已经确定了与强化和认知相关的关键过程，这些过程是心理社会和药物干预治疗 SUD 的可行目标。关于 SUD 治疗的研究表明，大多数方法在疗效上相当。因此，最近的工作重点是阐明驱动 SUD 治疗结果的行为改变的潜在机制。鉴于与 SUD 相关的关键神经认知过程相关的快速波动，人类大脑处理的高时间分辨率测量，即事件相关电位（ERPs），非常适合扩展我们对 SUD 治疗期间和之后变化的潜在神经机制的理解。本文讨论了 ERPs 在 SUD 治疗中的价值，并展示了 ERPs 作为 SUD 治疗反应生物标志物的预测有效性。多个 ERP 成分与心理社会和/或药物治疗结果之间的关联示例包括 P3a 和 P3b（对中性和物质相关线索的反应）、与注意力相关的负性（例如，N170、N200）、晚期正性电位和错误相关负性。还讨论了生物标志物方法的局限性，以强调需要开展评估变化机制的研究计划。最后，我们强调了 ERPs 作为 SUD 治疗中行为改变指标的优势，并概述了这方面未来方向的相关问题。
