Perez M I, Kohn S R
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, LCI, New Haven, CT 06510.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Apr;30(4):519-31; quiz 532-4. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(94)70058-3.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a high serum glucose level and by disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is estimated that 11 million persons in the United States have DM, 90% of whom have non-insulin-dependent DM. At least 30% of persons with diabetes have some type of cutaneous involvement during the course of their chronic disease. This review classifies the cutaneous findings in DM into four categories: (1) skin diseases with strong to weak association with DM; (2) cutaneous infections; (3) cutaneous manifestations of diabetic complications; and (4) skin reactions to diabetic treatment. Each of these categories is reviewed as well as the pathophysiology of the normal and diabetic basement membrane for a better understanding of the cutaneous manifestations of DM.
糖尿病（DM）是一组异质性疾病，其特征为血糖水平升高以及碳水化合物和脂质代谢紊乱。据估计，美国有1100万人患有糖尿病，其中90%患有非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。至少30%的糖尿病患者在其慢性病病程中会出现某种类型的皮肤受累。本综述将糖尿病的皮肤表现分为四类：（1）与糖尿病有强关联至弱关联的皮肤病；（2）皮肤感染；（3）糖尿病并发症的皮肤表现；（4）对糖尿病治疗的皮肤反应。对这些类别中的每一类以及正常和糖尿病基底膜的病理生理学进行了综述，以便更好地理解糖尿病的皮肤表现。
