Pitaru S, McCulloch C A, Narayanan S A
Department of Oral Biology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
J Periodontal Res. 1994 Mar;29(2):81-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01095.x.
In the context of cellular origins, odontogenic epithelium and oral epithelium are the sources for junctional epithelium during development and during wound healing respectively. In contrast, both odontogenic and non-odontogenic mesenchyme contain the progenitors for gingival fibroblasts in developing tissues while in wounded tissues, gingival fibroblasts are derived from gingival connective tissues and comprise a heterogeneous population of cells with diverse properties and functions. Periodontal ligament, bone and cementum cell populations apparently originate from dental follicle progenitor cells during development, but during wound healing derive from ancestral cells in periodontal ligament and bone. Cellular differentiation in developing periodontium is governed in part by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that generate specific signals which regulate selective cell populations in time and space. On the other hand, differentiation during wound healing and regeneration is regulated by a vast array of extracellular matrix informational molecules and by cytokines that induce both selective and non-selective responses in the different cell lineages and their precursors. Further, several important signalling systems are irretrievably lost after development is complete. Thus, in the context of cellular origins and differentiation, developing and wounded periodontal tissues exhibit fundamental differences. Future prospects for improved healing and regeneration of periodontal tissues may derive from identification and isolation of informational molecules that are stored in connective tissue matrices. These molecules and elucidation of their functions may open new perspectives in our understanding of the biology of periodontal wound healing and may provide novel approaches to periodontal regeneration.
在细胞起源方面，牙源性上皮和口腔上皮分别是发育过程中和伤口愈合过程中结合上皮的来源。相比之下，牙源性间充质和非牙源性间充质在发育组织中都含有牙龈成纤维细胞的祖细胞，而在受伤组织中，牙龈成纤维细胞来源于牙龈结缔组织，由具有不同特性和功能的异质性细胞群体组成。牙周膜、骨和牙骨质细胞群体在发育过程中显然起源于牙囊祖细胞，但在伤口愈合过程中则来源于牙周膜和骨中的祖先细胞。发育中的牙周组织中的细胞分化部分受上皮-间充质相互作用的控制，这种相互作用产生特定信号，在时间和空间上调节选择性细胞群体。另一方面，伤口愈合和再生过程中的分化受大量细胞外基质信息分子和细胞因子的调节，这些分子和因子在不同细胞谱系及其前体细胞中诱导选择性和非选择性反应。此外，一些重要的信号系统在发育完成后不可挽回地丧失。因此，在细胞起源和分化方面，发育中的和受伤的牙周组织表现出根本差异。改善牙周组织愈合和再生的未来前景可能源于对结缔组织基质中储存的信息分子的鉴定和分离。这些分子及其功能的阐明可能为我们理解牙周伤口愈合生物学开辟新的视角，并可能为牙周再生提供新的方法。
