MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Apr 29;43(16):285-7.
Worldwide, perinatal (i.e., mother to infant) transmission accounts for most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among children; in the United States, of the approximately 7000 infants born to HIV-infected mothers each year, 1000-2000 are HIV-infected. Strategies for reducing perinatally acquired HIV infection have included preventing HIV infection among women and, for HIV-infected women, avoiding pregnancy or refraining from breastfeeding their infants. On February 21, 1994, the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) announced preliminary results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded clinical trial of zidovudine (ZDV) to prevent HIV transmission from mothers to their infants (AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] protocol 076). This report summarizes the interim results of that trial, which indicate effectiveness of ZDV for prevention of perinatal transmission.
在全球范围内，围产期（即从母亲到婴儿）传播是儿童感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的主要途径；在美国，每年约有7000名婴儿由感染HIV的母亲所生，其中1000 - 2000名婴儿感染了HIV。减少围产期获得性HIV感染的策略包括预防女性感染HIV，对于感染HIV的女性，则要避免怀孕或避免母乳喂养婴儿。1994年2月21日，美国国立卫生研究院的国立过敏与传染病研究所（NIAID）和儿童健康与人类发展研究所（NICHD）公布了一项关于齐多夫定（ZDV）预防HIV从母亲传播给婴儿的随机、多中心、双盲临床试验的初步结果（艾滋病临床试验组[ACTG]方案076）。本报告总结了该试验的中期结果，表明ZDV在预防围产期传播方面有效。
