Nakhgevany K B, LiBassi M, Esposito B
Department of Surgery, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.
Am J Emerg Med. 1994 Mar;12(2):160-3. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(94)90237-2.
The effects of seat belts and the use of alcohol and drugs have been studied as etiological factors in facial trauma to occupants of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). During a 15-month period, 461 patients were admitted to a regional trauma center as a result of injuries sustained in MVAs. Two hundred thirty-seven (51%) of these patients had facial trauma. Facial trauma was the single most common injury in these patients. One hundred eighty-five patients (78%) had major soft tissue injury, and 52 patients (22%) had facial bone fractures. Forty-two of 237 patients (18%) with facial trauma were wearing seat belts compared with 74 of 224 patients (33%) without facial trauma who were wearing seat belts at the time of the accident. Large numbers of patients who were wearing seat belts at the time of the accident had minor injuries and were never admitted to the hospital. Sixty-five of 224 patients (24%) without facial trauma and 121 of 237 patients (51%) with facial trauma tested positive for alcohol or drugs. The majority of the patients who tested positive for alcohol had blood alcohol levels of more than 100 mg/dL. Head injuries and blunt chest trauma were most commonly associated injuries in these patients. This study suggests that use of alcohol and drugs in occupants of the motor vehicle had a major effect on the etiology of facial trauma. Also it supports the data that suggests that the use of seat belts prevents a wide range of injuries including facial trauma in MVAs.
安全带以及酒精和药物的使用已作为机动车事故（MVA）中驾乘人员面部创伤的病因因素进行了研究。在15个月的时间里，有461名患者因机动车事故受伤而被收治到一家地区创伤中心。其中237名（51%）患者有面部创伤。面部创伤是这些患者中最常见的单一损伤。185名患者（78%）有严重软组织损伤，52名患者（22%）有面部骨折。在237名面部创伤患者中，42名（18%）系了安全带，而在224名无面部创伤的患者中，74名（33%）在事故发生时系了安全带。事故发生时系安全带且受轻伤的大量患者从未住院治疗。224名无面部创伤的患者中有65名（24%）以及237名面部创伤患者中有121名（51%）酒精或药物检测呈阳性。酒精检测呈阳性的大多数患者血液酒精浓度超过100mg/dL。头部损伤和钝性胸部创伤是这些患者最常见的相关损伤。这项研究表明，机动车驾乘人员使用酒精和药物对面部创伤的病因有重大影响。此外，它支持了表明使用安全带可预防包括机动车事故中的面部创伤在内的多种损伤的数据。
