Bradbury A, Robertson C
Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh.
Arch Emerg Med. 1993 Mar;10(1):15-23. doi: 10.1136/emj.10.1.15.
The pattern and severity of injuries sustained by 174 vehicle occupants consecutively admitted to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary were prospectively documented. Drivers (DR) accounted for 66% of the patients, 20% were front seat passengers (FSP) and 14% were rear seat passengers (RSP). Injured patients were more likely to be male, young, intoxicated and not wearing a seat-belt. The position of the patient within the vehicle at the time of the accident and point of impact significantly affected the pattern of injury sustained. The majority of injuries were sustained by the upper body and the pattern of injury is discussed. Most accidents occurred at low speeds and higher speeds were associated with an increased severity of injury. Seat-belts reduced the overall severity of injuries, in particular those to the face and chest, but may increase the risk of neck injury. Head-rests do not appear to influence the incidence of neck injury. Clinically apparent alcohol intoxication was associated with a markedly increased risk of severe injury.
前瞻性记录了连续入住爱丁堡皇家医院急诊科的174名车辆驾乘人员的损伤类型和严重程度。驾驶员（DR）占患者的66%，20%为前排乘客（FSP），14%为后排乘客（RSP）。受伤患者更有可能是男性、年轻人、醉酒者且未系安全带。事故发生时患者在车内的位置以及撞击点显著影响所受损伤的类型。大多数损伤发生在上半身，并对损伤类型进行了讨论。大多数事故发生在低速行驶时，较高速度与损伤严重程度增加相关。安全带降低了损伤的总体严重程度，尤其是面部和胸部的损伤，但可能会增加颈部受伤的风险。头枕似乎不会影响颈部损伤的发生率。临床上明显的酒精中毒与严重损伤的风险显著增加相关。
