Kerouedan D, Bontez W, Bondurand A, Abissé S, Konaté S
Mission de coopération et d'action culturelle, Abidjan, Cóte-d'ivoire.
Sante. 1994 Jan-Feb;4(1):37-42.
HIV is transmitted essentially by the heterosexual route in Africa. As part of an international mobilization against the Aids epidemic, information, education and communication strategies should continue to reduce the frequency of the infection. In this paper, we underline the high risk of HIV infection from blood transfusion in Africa. Although few epidemiological data are available, we feel that this problem should be made a priority, and that blood transfusion in Africa can be made reasonably safe by rational use of limited resources. We first report how the Ivory Coast health ministry, with funding from the European Community, has organized blood transfusion services in the main urban areas. Despite routine screening tests, the risk of HIV transmission through blood products remains high because of the large number of infected donors who are antibody-negative. The accent must thus be placed on alternatives to blood transfusions, while the use of transfusions must be minimized, especially in pediatric and general medical wards. As malaria, undernutrition and obstetric surgery are leading causes of anemia, health programs should be aimed at controlling these factors with the ultimate goal of limiting the spread of HIV.
在非洲，艾滋病病毒主要通过异性传播途径传播。作为国际抗击艾滋病流行行动的一部分，信息、教育和传播策略应继续降低感染率。在本文中，我们强调了非洲输血感染艾滋病病毒的高风险。尽管现有流行病学数据很少，但我们认为这个问题应成为优先事项，并且通过合理利用有限资源，非洲的输血可以做到相当安全。我们首先报告了象牙海岸卫生部在欧洲共同体的资助下，如何在主要城市地区组织输血服务。尽管进行了常规筛查检测，但由于大量感染供血者抗体呈阴性，通过血液制品传播艾滋病病毒的风险仍然很高。因此，必须强调输血的替代方法，同时必须尽量减少输血的使用，尤其是在儿科和普通内科病房。由于疟疾、营养不良和产科手术是贫血的主要原因，卫生项目应旨在控制这些因素，最终目标是限制艾滋病病毒的传播。
