Keenan K, Shaw D S
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1994 Feb;22(1):53-77. doi: 10.1007/BF02169256.
The effort by developmental psychopathologists to understand the etiology of antisocial behavior has resulted in several significant findings. First, aggressive behavior is highly stable from early childhood into adolescence and adulthood. Second, parental factors including rearing practices and parental psychopathology, are correlated with childhood behavior problems. It was the aim of the present study to examine the correlates and stability of aggressive behavior in a sample of toddlers from low income families. Eight-nine mother-child dyads (52 boys and 37 girls) were observed in laboratory assessments when the child was 18- and 24-months old. Frequency and pervasiveness of aggression were coded from videotapes. Familial criminality, maternal depressive symptomatology, child noncompliance, and difficult child temperament were examined as contributors to the prediction of aggression in toddlers. Stability of aggression was moderate, especially for aggression occurring in low-stress situations. While there were few sex differences in the frequency and stability of aggression, there were marked differences in the correlates and predictors of aggression. Gender-specific, interactional models of the development of aggression are proposed.
发展性心理病理学家为理解反社会行为的病因所做的努力已经产生了一些重要发现。首先，攻击性行为从幼儿期到青少年期及成年期都高度稳定。其次，包括养育方式和父母心理病理学在内的父母因素与儿童行为问题相关。本研究的目的是在一个低收入家庭幼儿样本中检验攻击性行为的相关因素和稳定性。当孩子18个月和24个月大时，对89对母婴（52名男孩和37名女孩）进行了实验室评估观察。从录像带中对攻击行为的频率和普遍性进行编码。将家族犯罪、母亲抑郁症状、儿童不顺从和困难儿童气质作为幼儿攻击行为预测的影响因素进行了研究。攻击行为的稳定性中等，尤其是在低压力情境下发生的攻击行为。虽然在攻击行为的频率和稳定性方面几乎没有性别差异，但在攻击行为的相关因素和预测因素方面存在显著差异。提出了针对性别的攻击行为发展的互动模型。
