Bohman M, Cloninger C R, Sigvardsson S, von Knorring A L
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 Nov;39(11):1233-41. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290110001001.
The inheritance of criminality was studied in 862 Swedish men and adopted by nonrelatives at an early age. If type of offense and association with alcohol abuse were neglected, criminality was heterogeneous and appeared to be largely nonfamilial. Nevertheless, different genetic and environmental antecedents influenced the development of criminality, depending on whether or not there was associated alcohol abuse. Alcoholic criminals often committed repetitive violent offenses, whereas nonalcoholic criminals were characterized by commission of a small number of petty property offenses. These nonalcoholic petty criminals had an excess of biologic parents with histories of petty crime but not alcohol abuse. In contrast, the risk of criminality in alcohol abusers was correlated with the severity of their own alcohol abuse, but not with criminality in the biologic or adoptive parents. Unstable preadoptive placement was associated with increased risk for petty criminality, whereas low social status was associated with alcohol-related criminality. We discuss the significance of these results in relation to the classification of criminals and current concepts about antisocial personality.
对862名瑞典男性的犯罪遗传情况进行了研究，这些男性在幼年时被非亲属收养。如果忽略犯罪类型和与酗酒的关联，犯罪行为是异质性的，且似乎在很大程度上与家族无关。然而，不同的遗传和环境因素会影响犯罪行为的发展，这取决于是否存在酗酒问题。酗酒罪犯经常实施重复性暴力犯罪，而非酗酒罪犯的特点是实施少量轻微财产犯罪。这些非酗酒的轻微罪犯的亲生父母中，有轻微犯罪史但无酗酒史的比例过高。相比之下，酗酒者的犯罪风险与其自身酗酒的严重程度相关，而与亲生父母或养父母的犯罪情况无关。收养前安置不稳定与轻微犯罪风险增加有关，而社会地位低与酗酒相关犯罪有关。我们讨论了这些结果对于罪犯分类以及当前关于反社会人格概念的意义。
