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[学校心理学与教育中的系统思维]

[Systemic thinking in school psychology and education].

作者信息

Hess T

机构信息

Institut für Ehe und Familie, Zürich.

出版信息

Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 1994 Feb;43(2):45-54.

PMID:8165203
Abstract

Public school counseling facilities have put up much resistance against the integration of systemic-psychological principles and methods into their professional field, despite the many critical reviews of their traditional counseling methods. Unlike the progressive changes and reforms which have taken place in various other institutions for children and teenagers, very few methodological changes have come forth within the field of school counseling. A serious consideration of the many proposed suggestions based upon systemic-psychological principles is long overdue. The author illustrates in this article two major trends of thought within the field of systemic psychology (the structuralistic and constructivistic schools). After highlighting the differences between these two schools, the author goes on to discuss the invariable consequences of the integration of the respective systemic methods into the traditional educational counseling programs. The emphasis has been placed upon the constructivistic school of thought, backed by provocative theses and exemplary case studies. Based upon his own practical experience the author has come to realise in this field, that systemic intervention is less time-costly than traditional school-psychological testing. For this reason, he is optimistic that a modification of traditional school counseling/psychology will come in due time. Such modification would also be sure to incite new creative interest and a greater desire for experimentation amongst the school counselors and school psychologists, not to mention a more adequate education for ongoing counselors and psychologists in this particular field.

摘要

公立学校咨询机构一直强烈抵制将系统心理学原理和方法融入其专业领域,尽管对其传统咨询方法已有诸多批判性评论。与其他各类针对儿童和青少年的机构所发生的渐进式变革和改革不同,学校咨询领域几乎没有出现方法上的改变。早就应该认真考虑基于系统心理学原理提出的诸多建议了。作者在本文中阐述了系统心理学领域内的两种主要思想趋势(结构主义学派和建构主义学派)。在强调这两个学派之间的差异之后,作者接着讨论了将各自的系统方法融入传统教育咨询项目所产生的不变后果。重点放在了建构主义思想学派上,有颇具启发性的论点和典型案例研究作为支撑。基于自己在该领域的实践经验,作者意识到在这个领域,系统干预比传统的学校心理测试成本更低。因此,他乐观地认为,传统学校咨询/心理学终将做出改变。这样的改变也肯定会激发学校咨询师和学校心理学家新的创造性兴趣以及更强烈的实验欲望,更不用说为该特定领域在职的咨询师和心理学家提供更充分的教育了。

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