Wing N, Lauren D R, Bryden W L, Burgess L W
Fusarium Research Laboratory, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
Nat Toxins. 1993;1(4):229-34. doi: 10.1002/nt.2620010405.
The toxicity of cultures of Fusarium acuminatum subsp. acuminatum and Fusarium acuminatum subsp. armeniacum grown on Weet-Bix medium was assessed using a chick bioassay. Thirty-nine of 45 cultures of F. a. armeniacum tested produced at least 50% mortality in the chick bioassay. In contrast, of the 26 cultures of F. a. acuminatum tested, only nine produced at least 50% mortality. Selected extracts of both subspecies were analyzed by gas chromatography after clean-up and hydrolysis for the four main trichothecene families, namely; nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), scirpentriol (Sctol), and T-2 tetraol (T-2tol). Levels of up to 500 micrograms/g and 7 micrograms/g of T-2tol were detected in F. a. armeniacum and F. a. acuminatum extracts respectively. Four cultures each of F. a. armeniacum and F. a. acuminatum were also grown on two solid media (Weet-Bix and Vermiculite) and two liquid media (MYRO and GYEP). Culture extracts were again tested for toxicity and analyzed for trichothecene production. Cultures of F. a. armeniacum grown on the solid media and on MYRO produced the highest toxicity. Levels of up to 168, 129, 150, and 8 micrograms/g of T-2tol were detected in cultures of F. a. armeniacum on Weet-Bix, Vermiculite, MYRO, and GYEP respectively. In contrast, only trace amounts of T-2tol were detected in extracts of F. a. acuminatum on all media. Sctol levels of less than 0.5 microgram/g were also detected in some cultures of both subspecies on solid media, but only F. a. armeniacum produced trace levels of Sctol on liquid media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
使用雏鸡生物测定法评估了尖孢镰刀菌尖孢亚种和尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种在维特 - 必思（Weet - Bix）培养基上培养物的毒性。在接受检测的45株尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种培养物中，有39株在雏鸡生物测定法中导致至少50% 的死亡率。相比之下，在接受检测的26株尖孢镰刀菌尖孢亚种培养物中，只有9株导致至少50% 的死亡率。对两个亚种的选定提取物进行了净化和水解处理后，通过气相色谱法分析了四种主要的单端孢霉烯族毒素，即雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、蛇形菌素（Sctol）和T - 2四醇（T - 2tol）。在尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种和尖孢镰刀菌尖孢亚种提取物中分别检测到高达500微克/克和7微克/克的T - 2tol。尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种和尖孢镰刀菌尖孢亚种各有四种培养物分别在两种固体培养基（维特 - 必思和蛭石）和两种液体培养基（MYRO和GYEP）上生长。再次对培养物提取物进行毒性测试并分析单端孢霉烯族毒素的产生情况。在固体培养基和MYRO上生长的尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种培养物毒性最高。在维特 - 必思、蛭石、MYRO和GYEP上生长的尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种培养物中分别检测到高达168、129、150和8微克/克的T - 2tol。相比之下，在所有培养基上尖孢镰刀菌尖孢亚种提取物中仅检测到痕量的T - 2tol。在固体培养基上两个亚种的一些培养物中也检测到Sctol水平低于0.5微克/克，但只有尖孢镰刀菌亚美尼亚亚种在液体培养基上产生痕量的Sctol。（摘要截断于250字）
