Jette A M
New England Research Institute Inc., Watertown, MA 02172.
Phys Ther. 1994 May;74(5):380-6. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.5.380.
Disability, one of modern society's greatest public health problems, affects individuals, families, and society. Understanding the complex process of disablement, therefore, is critical given the current and projected increases in disability. Terminology in the field of disablement continues to breed confusion and controversy across and within disciplines. This article discusses some of the major models that have been developed to guide physical therapy researchers and clinicians in their thinking about disablement. Emphasis is on physical disablement because of its central role in physical therapy research and practice. Detailed descriptions are provided for two disablement formulations. One was developed in the 1960s by sociologist Saad Nagi. The other is the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps, developed for the World Health Organization. Both can serve as the basic conceptual architecture for disablement research in physical therapy. Researchers and clinicians need a common vocabulary and language for thinking and speaking about the process of disablement, although it appears premature to reach consensus on any one conceptual approach. Physical therapists should play an active role in guiding future research and scholarship on physical disablement.
残疾是现代社会最重大的公共卫生问题之一，影响着个人、家庭和社会。鉴于目前及预计的残疾人数增加，了解致残的复杂过程至关重要。致残领域的术语在不同学科之间及学科内部持续引发混淆和争议。本文讨论了一些已开发出的主要模型，这些模型旨在引导物理治疗研究人员和临床医生思考致残问题。重点是身体残疾，因为它在物理治疗研究和实践中起着核心作用。文中对两种致残表述进行了详细描述。一种是社会学家萨阿德·纳吉在20世纪60年代提出的。另一种是为世界卫生组织制定的《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》。两者都可作为物理治疗中致残研究的基本概念架构。研究人员和临床医生需要一个共同的词汇和语言来思考和谈论致残过程，尽管就任何一种概念方法达成共识似乎还为时过早。物理治疗师应在指导未来关于身体残疾的研究和学术方面发挥积极作用。
