Q angle: effects of isometric quadriceps contraction and body position.

The quadriceps femoral angle (Q angle) has been linked with several knee disorders, but Q-angle measurement procedures have not been standardized. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of isometric quadriceps contraction in the standing and supine positions on the Q angle. The Q angles of the right knees of 30 men and 30 women were measured goniometrically during four test conditions: 1) quadriceps relaxed in standing, 2) quadriceps contracted in standing, 3) quadriceps relaxed in supine, and 4) quadriceps contracted in supine. The pelvic widths were also measured as the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines in standing and supine. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between genders (p < 0.001) and among the four test conditions (p < 0.001) (N = 60). Separate one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with two grouping factors (contraction and position) showed significant effects of contraction (p < 0.001) for both men and women, but no significant effect of positions. A dependent t-test showed that the pelvic width differed between standing and supine for both men and women (p < 0.001). The results showed that isometric quadriceps contraction affects the Q angle with the subjects standing or supine, even though the pelvic width differed significantly between the two positions. Clinicians and researchers should consider the results of this study in order to standardize procedures for measuring the Q angle.