von Frisch K
Experientia. 1994 Apr 15;50(4):406-13.
If honey-bees find a feeding place, after return they report the discovery by dancing. The species of flowers from which they are coming is indicated by means of the flower-scent adhering to their bodies, and also by the scent of nectar brought into the hive within the honey-stomach. By a long flight the scent adhering to the outer surface is diminished. But the scent within the honey-stomach is still the same. Therefore the scent of nectar (that is the specific flower-scent absorbed by nectar) is especially important if the feeding place is far away from the hive. Bees dance only in case there is plenty of food. Then the informed bees fly out and look for the flowers having the scent indicated by the dancing bees. In this way the number of visiting bees increases, and the nectar becomes scarce. Then honey collecting is still continued, but there is no more dancing in the bee-hive and the number of bees does not increase, so that there always is the correct relation between the amount of nectar and the number of collecting bees. If the feeding place is at a distance of some hundred meters there are many bees seeking for food at that distance but only a few seeking near the hive. By using an observation-hive the matter could be cleared up. Bees collecting at a feeding place nearer than 50 to 100 m make round-dances (Fig. 4, p. 400). Bees coming from a feeding place more distant make tail-wagging dances (Fig. 5, p. 400).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
如果蜜蜂找到了一个觅食地点，返回后它们会通过跳舞来报告这一发现。它们身上附着的花香以及蜜胃中带回蜂巢的花蜜香味，都能表明它们所采花蜜来自哪种花朵。经过长途飞行，附着在外表面的气味会减少。但蜜胃中的气味仍然不变。因此，如果觅食地点离蜂巢很远，花蜜的气味（即花蜜吸收的特定花香）就尤为重要。只有在有大量食物的情况下蜜蜂才会跳舞。然后，得知信息的蜜蜂飞出去，寻找具有跳舞蜜蜂所指示气味的花朵。这样一来，前来采蜜的蜜蜂数量增加，花蜜就会变得稀少。这时仍会继续采集蜂蜜，但蜂巢中不再有跳舞的情况，蜜蜂数量也不再增加，从而使花蜜量与采蜜蜜蜂数量之间始终保持正确的比例关系。如果觅食地点在几百米远的地方，那么在那个距离有许多蜜蜂在觅食，而在蜂巢附近觅食的蜜蜂则很少。通过使用观察蜂箱，这个问题就能弄清楚。在距离蜂巢不到50到100米的觅食地点采蜜的蜜蜂跳圆圈舞（图4，第400页）。从更远觅食地点归来的蜜蜂跳摆尾舞（图5，第400页）。
