Wilson O J, Young B F, Richardson C K
Australian Radiation Laboratory, Yallambie, Vic.
Health Phys. 1994 May;66(5):493-502. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199405000-00001.
In response to concerns expressed in the aviation industry, surveys of the cosmic radiation doses received by Australian commercial flight crews were carried out in 1982-1983 and in 1991. Dose rate measurements were made by use of thermoluminescent dosimeter personal monitors, CR-39 disks, and portable monitoring equipment. The results indicated that the average annual doses to domestic crew members were between 1.0 and 1.8 mSv. They further indicated that an increase in annual doses had occurred since 1983. A method of estimating doses from flight records was developed and the results compared favorably with the measurements from both surveys. By use of this method, annual doses up to 3.8 mSv were estimated for international crew members. This represented a significant increase since 1983. It is doubtful that the average doses received by either group would comply with the ICRP Publication 60 public limit of 1 mSv y-1 averaged over 5 y. ICRP Publication 60 recommended that the new occupational annual dose limit of 20 mSv should now apply to flight crews. This represented a dose limit of at least four times that which was previously permitted. In view of the general trend to lower dose limits, the nature of the occupation, and given that annual doses were found to be < 5 mSv, the use of an annual dose limit of 5 mSv is suggested for Australian commercial flight crews.
针对航空业表达的担忧，1982 - 1983年和1991年对澳大利亚商业航班机组人员所接受的宇宙辐射剂量进行了调查。剂量率测量是使用热释光剂量计个人监测器、CR - 39盘和便携式监测设备进行的。结果表明，国内机组人员的年平均剂量在1.0至1.8毫希沃特之间。结果还进一步表明，自1983年以来年剂量有所增加。开发了一种根据飞行记录估算剂量的方法，其结果与两次调查的测量结果相比很理想。使用这种方法，估算出国际机组人员的年剂量高达3.8毫希沃特。这表明自1983年以来有显著增加。两组人员所接受的平均剂量是否符合国际辐射防护委员会第60号出版物规定的5年平均每年1毫希沃特的公众剂量限值，令人怀疑。国际辐射防护委员会第60号出版物建议，新的职业年剂量限值20毫希沃特现在应适用于机组人员。这意味着剂量限值至少是以前允许值的四倍。鉴于剂量限值有普遍降低的趋势、该职业的性质以及发现年剂量低于5毫希沃特，建议对澳大利亚商业航班机组人员采用5毫希沃特的年剂量限值。
