Marshall W J
Laser Microwave Division, U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5422.
Health Phys. 1994 May;66(5):532-9. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199405000-00004.
Hazard evaluation methods from various laser protection standards differ when applied to extended-source, near-infrared lasers. By way of example, various hazard analyses are applied to laser training systems, which incorporate diode lasers, specifically those that assist in training military or law enforcement personnel in the proper use of weapons by simulating actual firing by the substitution of a beam of near-infrared energy for bullets. A correct hazard evaluation of these lasers is necessary since simulators are designed to be directed toward personnel during normal use. The differences among laser standards are most apparent when determining the hazard class of a laser. Hazard classification is based on a comparison of the potential exposures with the maximum permissible exposures in the 1986 and 1993 versions of the American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers, Z136.1, and the accessible emission limits of the federal laser product performance standard. Necessary safety design features of a particular system depend on the hazard class. The ANSI Z136.1-1993 standard provides a simpler and more accurate hazard assessment of low-power, near-infrared, diode laser systems than the 1986 ANSI standard. Although a specific system is evaluated, the techniques described can be readily applied to other near-infrared lasers or laser training systems.
当应用于扩展源近红外激光时，各种激光防护标准中的危害评估方法存在差异。例如，各种危害分析被应用于激光训练系统，这些系统包含二极管激光器，特别是那些通过用近红外能量束替代子弹来模拟实际射击，从而协助训练军事或执法人员正确使用武器的系统。由于模拟器在正常使用时被设计为指向人员，因此对这些激光器进行正确的危害评估是必要的。当确定激光器的危害等级时，激光标准之间的差异最为明显。危害分类是基于将潜在暴露与1986年和1993年版美国国家标准《激光安全使用》Z136.1中的最大允许暴露以及联邦激光产品性能标准的可触及发射极限进行比较。特定系统所需的安全设计特征取决于危害等级。与1986年的ANSI标准相比，ANSI Z136.1 - 1993标准为低功率近红外二极管激光系统提供了更简单、更准确的危害评估。尽管评估的是一个特定系统，但所描述的技术可以很容易地应用于其他近红外激光器或激光训练系统。
