Management of the frail and deconditioned patient.

Deconditioning brought on by inactivity or bed rest affects important body systems and results in reduced functional capacity. Elderly individuals are particularly vulnerable to becoming deconditioned. Risk factors for deconditioning include illness, disability, chronic disease, medications, and psychosocial circumstances. Deconditioned individuals present multiple physical and psychosocial signs and symptoms. Prevention of deconditioning requires a multifaceted approach that includes walking, turning and positioning, nutrition, medical management, and psychologic support. Because reconditioning is a long process that may be overwhelming to the patient and caregivers, a specific treatment plan must be established to meet the unique needs of each individual. Management of the frail and deconditioned patient relies on a commitment to maintaining or restoring functional independence through a coordinated effort in all aspects of care.