Liston S L
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Am J Surg. 1994 Apr;167(4):440-2. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(94)90132-5.
In 1560, François II, King of France, died of mastoiditis. Ambroise Paré was among his attendants. Paré was technically capable of draining the king's post-auricular abscess; this paper examines some of the reasons why he did not attempt any surgical procedure. This was a time of extreme tension between Catholics and Huguenots in France. Paré was a Huguenot, and the king was Catholic. Paré was a "barber-surgeon" which was the lowest level in the medical hierarchy at that time. Paré believed in the humoral theory of disease and may have been discouraged by air in the mastoid sinus. He was also very worried about being accused of poisoning the king. There is no evidence to suggest that the king's mother refused to allow Paré to operate because she wanted to achieve power as Regent of France.
1560年，法国国王弗朗索瓦二世死于乳突炎。安布鲁瓦兹·帕雷是他的侍从之一。帕雷在技术上有能力排出国王耳后脓肿；本文探讨了他未尝试任何外科手术的一些原因。当时法国天主教徒和胡格诺派之间关系极度紧张。帕雷是胡格诺派，而国王是天主教徒。帕雷是一名“理发师兼外科医生”，这在当时的医学等级制度中处于最低层。帕雷信奉疾病的体液学说，可能因乳突窦内有空气而灰心丧气。他也非常担心被指控毒害国王。没有证据表明国王的母亲拒绝让帕雷做手术是因为她想以法国摄政王的身份掌权。
