Noblet J, Shi X S, Dubois S
Station de Recherches Porcines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, St Gilles, France.
J Anim Sci. 1994 Mar;72(3):648-57. doi: 10.2527/1994.723648x.
Digestible (DE), metabolizable (ME), and net (NE) energy values of seven diets were measured in castrated male pigs of 45 (Stage 1), 100 (Stage 2), or 150 (Stage 3) kg BW. Diets were prepared from a basal diet supplemented with cornstarch, or sucrose, or a protein mixture (referred to here as protein), or rapeseed oil, or a mixture of fibrous ingredients (referred to as fiber), or rapeseed oil+fiber. Diets were fed at similar levels (x maintenance) at the three stages. Heat production at different feeding levels, as measured by indirect calorimetry, allowed calculation of energy retained by each pig (equal to ME intake minus heat production) and an estimate of fasting heat production of all pigs (360 kcal/kg BW.42). Net energy intake was then calculated for each pig as retained energy plus 360 x BW.42. The amounts of DE digested before the end of the ileum (DEi) and in the hindgut (DEh) were measured. Formulation of diets allowed calculation of energy values of the ingredients added to the basal diet. Digestibility and metabolizability of diets increased significantly from Stages 1 to 3, with higher variations for low-energy diets. The NE:ME ratio (k, %) and dietary NE content were not affected (P > .05) by stage of growth. On average, k was 75%, with higher values for diets containing rapeseed oil or starch (77%) and lower estimates for the fiber diet (72%). As a consequence, k was approximately 90, 82, 80, 72, and 60% for rapeseed oil, cornstarch, sucrose, protein, and fiber, respectively. These values are consistent with the lower k value for ME from DEh (57 vs 78% for DEi). Present data confirm that the hierarchy between feeds is dependent on the energy system (DE vs ME vs NE) and that the NE concept is superior in predicting the "true" energy value. The present results combined with previous ones show that, under practical conditions, the same NE prediction equations based on digestible nutrient contents, or preferably DE or ME contents, can be applied at all stages of growth in pigs. However, attention should be paid to factors such as BW or feeding level that affect digestibility and metabolizability of feeds markedly. The effects are the most important for ingredients.
测定了七种日粮在体重45千克（阶段1）、100千克（阶段2）或150千克（阶段3）的去势公猪中的可消化能（DE）、代谢能（ME）和净能（NE）值。日粮由基础日粮补充玉米淀粉、蔗糖、蛋白质混合物（此处称为蛋白质）、菜籽油、纤维成分混合物（称为纤维）或菜籽油 + 纤维配制而成。在三个阶段以相似水平（维持量的x倍）饲喂日粮。通过间接测热法测定不同饲喂水平下的产热，据此计算每头猪保留的能量（等于ME摄入量减去产热），并估算所有猪的禁食产热（360千卡/千克体重^0.42）。然后计算每头猪的净能量摄入量，即保留能量加上360×体重^0.42。测定了回肠末端之前消化的DE量（DEi）和后肠中消化的DE量（DEh）。日粮配方使得能够计算添加到基础日粮中的成分的能量值。日粮的消化率和代谢率从阶段1到阶段3显著增加，低能量日粮的变化更大。NE:ME比率（k，%）和日粮NE含量不受生长阶段的影响（P > 0.05）。平均而言，k为75%，含菜籽油或淀粉的日粮k值较高（77%），纤维日粮的k值较低（72%）。因此，菜籽油、玉米淀粉、蔗糖、蛋白质和纤维的k值分别约为90%、82%、80%、72%和60%。这些值与后肠中ME的较低k值一致（DEi为78%，DEh为57%）。目前的数据证实，饲料之间的等级关系取决于能量系统（DE与ME与NE），并且NE概念在预测“真实”能量值方面更具优势。目前的结果与之前的结果相结合表明，在实际条件下，基于可消化养分含量，或者更优选基于DE或ME含量的相同NE预测方程可应用于猪生长的所有阶段。然而，应注意体重或饲喂水平等因素，这些因素会显著影响饲料的消化率和代谢率。这些影响对成分最为重要。
