Ip N Y, Yancopoulos G D
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY 10591-6707.
Ann Neurol. 1994;35 Suppl:S13-6. doi: 10.1002/ana.410350706.
Development of the nervous system depends on signals that instruct neurons when to divide, differentiate, survive, or die. There are now two known distinct classes of factors noted for their neurotrophic activities-the family of factors collectively known as the neurotrophins, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Neurotrophin-mediated signaling pathways initiate by autophosphorylation of Trk receptors, which are receptor tyrosine kinases similar to the receptors for traditional growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor. In contrast, ciliary neurotrophic factor employs a receptor system that shares components with the receptor complexes for a subclass of distantly related hematopoietic cytokines. These two distinct classes of neurotrophic factors, utilizing distinct signaling pathways, can interact to effect the growth and differentiation of neuronal progenitors during neuropoiesis in a way analogous to that exhibited by the cytokines during hematopoiesis.
神经系统的发育依赖于指示神经元何时分裂、分化、存活或死亡的信号。目前已知有两类不同的具有神经营养活性的因子——统称为神经营养蛋白的因子家族和睫状神经营养因子。神经营养蛋白介导的信号通路由Trk受体的自磷酸化启动，Trk受体是受体酪氨酸激酶，类似于成纤维细胞生长因子等传统生长因子的受体。相比之下，睫状神经营养因子采用的受体系统与远亲造血细胞因子亚类的受体复合物共享组分。这两类不同的神经营养因子利用不同的信号通路，在神经生成过程中相互作用，以影响神经元祖细胞的生长和分化，其方式类似于造血过程中细胞因子所表现出的方式。
