Andrien M, Beghin I
Recherche en Education pour la Santé de l'Université de Liège, CERES, Belgique.
Promot Educ. 1993 Dec;Spec No:25-32.
Seven years ago Hygie published an article on the limits of conventional nutrition education in urban Africa. Strategies and methods in communication for nutrition have since evolved, incorporating results of international research to develop innovative, highly participative approaches. In this article the authors provide an extensive analysis of the different methodologies used in nutrition education programmes, in particular the KAB, social marketing, and community participation models, indicating main areas where each method used separately has failed. Members of the African Nutritional Education Network (RENA) have studied the above mentioned approaches, modifying them or integrating certain elements to adopt a more effective approach, which they consider somewhat as the management of social communication for nutrition education. Needs assessments and programme planning are largely enhanced by a causal analysis component specific to nutrition education in a community setting which has been developed by the authors. Other classic elements of programme implementation such as community participation, diversity of methods and intervention, are then combined with a multi-level/multi-actor evaluation processes to produce what the authors esteem to be a more effective nutrition education programme. They conclude, however, with the warning that although behavioural modifications brought about by nutrition communication and education might be beneficial for public health, they could have different, possibly adverse effects on other aspects of society. Effective nutrition education must therefore be included in a more extensive field of health promotion by acting on the multiple factors which influence the nutrition and health state of vulnerable groups.
七年前，希吉发表了一篇关于非洲城市传统营养教育局限性的文章。从那时起，营养传播的策略和方法不断演变，纳入了国际研究成果，以开发创新的、高度参与性的方法。在本文中，作者对营养教育项目中使用的不同方法进行了广泛分析，特别是知识、态度和行为（KAB）、社会营销和社区参与模式，指出了每种方法单独使用时失败的主要领域。非洲营养教育网络（RENA）的成员研究了上述方法，对其进行修改或整合某些要素，以采用一种更有效的方法，他们将这种方法视为某种营养教育社会传播的管理方式。作者开发的针对社区环境中营养教育的因果分析部分极大地加强了需求评估和项目规划。然后，将项目实施的其他经典要素，如社区参与、方法和干预的多样性，与多层次/多行为体评估过程相结合，以产生作者认为更有效的营养教育项目。然而，他们最后警告说，尽管营养传播和教育带来的行为改变可能有利于公众健康，但它们可能会对社会的其他方面产生不同的、可能不利的影响。因此，有效的营养教育必须通过作用于影响弱势群体营养和健康状况的多种因素，纳入更广泛的健康促进领域。
