Yoshimura I, Matsumoto K
Faculty of Engineering, Science University of Tokyo, Japan.
Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jan;102 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):19-23. doi: 10.1289/ehp.94102s119.
The principles and methods of incorporating historical controls in four cases (C1, stable control; C2, rare occurrence of responses; C3, small group size; C4, historical control as a reference) are discussed. Two points are emphasized: one is that the historical control should be regarded as a given condition and the other is that the historical control should be used conservatively. Incorporating historical controls is recommended only when it is advantageous under the conditional evaluation of the performance and even in the conservative use of controls. For case C1, adjusting the critical value for the Cochran-Armitage trend test is proposed. For case C2, a modified conditional trend test proposed by Yanagawa et al. is appreciated as a proper procedure. For case C3, a conservative use of interblock information is discussed. The incorporation of the historical control is not recommended for case C4.
讨论了在四种情况下（C1，稳定对照；C2，反应罕见；C3，样本量小；C4，以历史对照为参考）纳入历史对照的原则和方法。强调了两点：一是应将历史对照视为既定条件，二是应谨慎使用历史对照。仅当在对性能进行条件评估时有利，甚至在保守使用对照的情况下，才建议纳入历史对照。对于情况C1，建议调整 Cochr an - Armitage趋势检验的临界值。对于情况C2，Yanagawa等人提出的修正条件趋势检验被认为是一种合适的方法。对于情况C3，讨论了对区组间信息的保守使用。对于情况C4，不建议纳入历史对照。
