Intracellular expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In order to search for an occult cytotoxic enzymatic activity of the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), we placed the gene encoding TSST-1 (tstH) under the control of an inducible promoter in the eukaryotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under similar circumstances, the known bacterial enzymatic cytotoxins Shiga-like toxin and diphtheria toxin are both highly lethal to the yeast host. Although full-length stable TSST-1 was demonstrated within the yeast cells and although it retained mitogenicity for human T cells, it had no apparent effect on the yeast cells' growth kinetics or on their gross morphology. Retrieval and sequencing of the toxin gene revealed the wild-type sequence throughout, thus demonstrating that the apparent lack of toxicity for the yeast cells was not due to a serendipitous attenuating mutation within the coding region of the toxin gene. Similar results obtained after a second transformation of the same strain and after transformation of an unrelated strain demonstrate that neither chance permissive host mutation nor intrinsic host resistance was likely to have obscured an existing cytotoxic property of TSST-1. We conclude that TSST-1 probably does not possess a discrete enzymatic property cytotoxic for eukaryotic cells.