Moskowitz D S, Suh E J, Desaulniers J
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Apr;66(4):753-61. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.4.753.
Gender differences were examined in the context of situational effects. Participants monitored interpersonal behavior for 20 days, using an event-sampling strategy. The monitored behaviors reflected dominance and submissiveness (components of agency) and agreeableness and quarrelsomeness (components of communion). The situations reflected differences in the status of work roles: interactions with boss, co-worker, and supervisee. Status influenced agency. Individuals were most agentic when with a supervisee and least agentic when with a boss. Gender did not influence agency but did influence communal behaviors. Women were more communal regardless of social role status; women were especially communal with other women, compared with men with men. Findings about agency supported a social role theory interpretation of gender differences. Results for communion were consistent with accounts of the influence of sex segregation on interpersonal relationships.
在情境效应的背景下研究了性别差异。参与者采用事件抽样策略，对人际行为进行了20天的监测。所监测的行为反映了支配性和顺从性（能动性的组成部分）以及亲和性和爱争吵性（社交性的组成部分）。这些情境反映了工作角色地位的差异：与老板、同事和下属的互动。地位影响能动性。个体与下属在一起时能动性最强，与老板在一起时能动性最弱。性别不影响能动性，但会影响社交行为。无论社会角色地位如何，女性的社交性更强；与男性之间的互动相比，女性与其他女性在一起时的社交性尤其强。关于能动性的研究结果支持了对性别差异的社会角色理论解释。社交性方面的结果与性别隔离对人际关系影响的观点一致。
