Cortisol responses following placebo and alcohol in Asians with different ALDH2 genotypes.

Alcohol-induced flushing occurs in Asians who possess ALDH22 alleles. This study genotyped 30 Asian American men for ALDH2 and evaluated them on two separate occasions where they received in random order placebo and 0.75 ml/kg alcohol. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after beverage administration for subsequent estimation of blood alcohol and plasma cortisol levels. Subjects with ALDH22 alleles demonstrated significantly higher cortisol levels after alcohol consumption than subjects with ALDH21/21 genotype, despite equivalent blood alcohol concentrations. One subject who was homozygous for ALDH22 had extraordinarily high cortisol levels at 90, 120 and 150 minutes after alcohol. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Asians with ALDH22 alleles, who flush after drinking, experience more intense reactions to alcohol than nonflushing Asians with ALDH21/21 genotype.