Ginsberg L E, Pruett S W, Chen M Y, Elster A D
Department of Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1088.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994 Feb;15(2):283-91.
To evaluate by means of high-resolution CT the anatomic variations of the middle cranial fossa foramen.
We examined 123 CT studies of the temporal bone in patients with no evidence of disease that might alter foraminal anatomy. A checklist of known variants and suspected structures was used as each case was systematically examined for the presence or absence of these foramina; variations in size, shape, and location; and relationship of structures to each other. Inclusion criteria were established to eliminate error.
The foramen rotundum had a constant appearance. We identified the inferior rotundal canal in 16% of patients and the lateral rotundal canal in 8%. The foramen of Vesalius was present, at least unilaterally, in 80% of our cases. Asymmetry of the foramen of Vesalius did not indicate disease in our patient group. We did not find an inverse relationship between the size of the foramen of Vesalius and that of the ipsilateral foramen ovale. We found variations in the size and shape of the foramen ovale and its confluence with the foramen spinosum (n = 2) and the foramen of Vesalius (n = 8). We did not find an inverse relationship between the size of the foramen ovale and that of the foramen spinosum. The canaliculus innominatus for the lesser superficial petrosal nerve was identified in 16.3% of our patients. Variations of the foramen spinosum that we found include a medial bony defect (26.8%) and absence (3.2%).
Although it is unlikely that well-formed foramen will be misinterpreted as diseased, it is nonetheless important to recognize foraminal variants and associated neurovascular anatomy.
通过高分辨率CT评估中颅窝孔的解剖变异。
我们检查了123例颞骨CT研究，这些患者没有可能改变孔道解剖结构的疾病证据。在系统检查每个病例时，使用已知变异和疑似结构的清单来确定这些孔的有无；大小、形状和位置的变异；以及结构之间的关系。制定了纳入标准以消除误差。
圆孔外观恒定。我们在16%的患者中发现了下圆孔管，在8%的患者中发现了外侧圆孔管。维萨里孔至少单侧存在于80%的病例中。在我们的患者组中，维萨里孔的不对称并不表明存在疾病。我们没有发现维萨里孔大小与同侧卵圆孔大小之间存在反比关系。我们发现卵圆孔的大小和形状以及它与棘孔（n = 2）和维萨里孔（n = 8）的汇合处存在变异。我们没有发现卵圆孔大小与棘孔大小之间存在反比关系。在16.3%的患者中发现了岩浅小神经的无名小管。我们发现的棘孔变异包括内侧骨缺损（26.8%）和缺如（3.2%）。
虽然形态良好的孔不太可能被误诊为疾病，但识别孔的变异和相关的神经血管解剖结构仍然很重要。
