Cotanche D A, Lee K H, Stone J S, Picard D A
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118.
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1994 Jan;189(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/BF00193125.
Hair cells are sensory cells that transduce motion into neural signals. In the cochlea, they are used to detect sound waves in the environment and turn them into auditory signals that can be processed in the brain. Hair cells in the cochlea of birds and mammals were thought to be produced only during embryogenesis and, once made, they were expected to last throughout the lifetime of the animal. Thus, any loss of hair cells due to trauma or disease was thought to lead to permanent impairment of auditory function. Recently, however, studies from a number of laboratories have shown that hair cells in the avian cochlea can be regenerated after acoustic trauma or ototoxic drug damage. This regeneration is accompanied by a repair of the sensory organ and associated tissues and results in a recovery of auditory function. In this review, we examine and compare the structural events that lead to hair cell loss after noise damage and ototoxic drug damage as well as the processes involved in the recovery of the epithelium and the regeneration of the hair cells. Moreover, we examine functional recovery and how it relates to the structural recovery. Finally, we investigate the evidence for the hypothesis that supporting cells in the basilar papilla act as the progenitor cells for the regenerated hair cells and examine the cellular events required to stimulate the progenitor cells to leave the quiescent state, re-enter the cell cycle, and divide.
毛细胞是将运动转化为神经信号的感觉细胞。在耳蜗中，它们用于检测环境中的声波，并将其转化为可在大脑中进行处理的听觉信号。鸟类和哺乳动物耳蜗中的毛细胞曾被认为仅在胚胎发育期间产生，一旦形成，预计会在动物的整个生命周期中持续存在。因此，任何因外伤或疾病导致的毛细胞损失都被认为会导致听觉功能的永久性损害。然而，最近多个实验室的研究表明，鸟类耳蜗中的毛细胞在受到声学创伤或耳毒性药物损伤后可以再生。这种再生伴随着感觉器官和相关组织的修复，并导致听觉功能的恢复。在这篇综述中，我们研究并比较了噪声损伤和耳毒性药物损伤后导致毛细胞损失的结构事件，以及上皮恢复和毛细胞再生所涉及的过程。此外，我们研究了功能恢复及其与结构恢复的关系。最后，我们研究了基底乳头中的支持细胞作为再生毛细胞的祖细胞这一假说的证据，并研究了刺激祖细胞离开静止状态、重新进入细胞周期并分裂所需的细胞事件。
