Raharimalala L, Rabarison P, Lepers-Rason M D, Ramambanirina L, Laventure S, Lepers J P, Roux J
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo.
Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 1993;60(1-2):43-9.
Results of the epidemiological surveillance of falciparum malaria carried out since 1987 in three villages of the malagasy Highlands are reported. They clearly show the unsteady endemo-epidemic characteristic of the disease with highly variable transmission levels according to foci. At Manarintsoa, a south-western village 20km away from the Capital, the disease has now fully disappeared after the ravage of 1986. But it might reappear with new imported cases and by lack of antivectorial measures. Although Anopheles arabiensis had been rare and its aggressivity rate weak (0.91-2 infecting bites per year per man), surveillance is indispensable for the future. An Ankazobe and Mahavelona, two north-western localities respectively 100km and 65km away from Antananarivo, malaria is endemic with periodic outbreaks during rainy season. At Ankazobe, Anopheles funestus is the main vector maintaining endemic in this area while the role of Anopheles gambiae l.s. is only secondary. At Mahavelona, because of the weak presence of vectors, the treatment protocol by Quinimax has been applied in order to study transmission. This study obviously shows that contrary to set ideas in the Highlands, backward transmission is possible up to the first months of the austral winter (June-July). In these two last villages, adults have acquired some premunition.
报告了自1987年以来在马达加斯加高地三个村庄开展的恶性疟流行病学监测结果。结果清楚显示，该病具有不稳定的地方性流行特征，不同疫源地的传播水平差异很大。在距首都20公里的西南部村庄马纳林措阿，1986年疫情肆虐后，该病现已完全消失。但随着新的输入病例以及缺乏病媒控制措施，该病可能会再次出现。尽管阿拉伯按蚊一直很稀少，其侵袭率也很低（每人每年0.91 - 2次感染性叮咬），但未来的监测仍不可或缺。在分别距塔那那利佛100公里和65公里的西北部地区安卡佐贝和马哈韦洛纳，疟疾呈地方性流行，雨季时有周期性暴发。在安卡佐贝，费氏按蚊是维持该地区地方性流行的主要病媒，冈比亚按蚊的作用仅为次要。在马哈韦洛纳，由于病媒数量较少，已采用奎尼麦克斯治疗方案来研究传播情况。这项研究显然表明，与高地的固有观念相反，反向传播可能一直持续到南半球冬季的头几个月（6 - 7月）。在这最后两个村庄，成年人已获得了一定的带虫免疫。
