Robertson M D, Drummer O H
Victorian Institute of Forensic Pathology, Monash University, South Melbourne, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 1994 Apr;26(2):243-7. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90094-9.
In order to study the role of drugs in driving, a responsibility analysis was developed to allow an assessment to be made of the driver's culpability or responsibility in an accident. Factors possibly mitigating drivers' responsibility in each accident were identified and scored. Factors considered were: condition of road, condition of vehicle, driving conditions, accident type, witness observations, road law obedience, difficulty of task, and level of fatigue. If a sufficient number of mitigating factors were identified a driver would be found to be either partly or totally exonerated from blameworthiness and scored either as a contributory or nonculpable driver. If drugs present in a driver contributed to accident causation, it would be expected that they would be overrepresented in culpable drivers, i.e. those drivers not exonerated from blame. A total of 341 driver fatalities occurring in Victoria were analysed for blood alcohol content (BAC). Twenty-nine percent had a BAC over .05% (the legal limit in Victoria). Alcohol-positive drivers were statistically overrepresented in the culpable group (p < .001), in single-vehicle accidents (p < .05) and those accidents in which vehicles left the road for no apparent reason (p < .001). Odds-ratio estimation of relative risk of culpable and nonculpable drivers showed that the relative risk rose disproportionately to BAC.
为了研究药物对驾驶的影响，开展了一项责任分析，以便对驾驶员在事故中的罪责或责任进行评估。确定并对可能减轻驾驶员在每次事故中责任的因素进行评分。考虑的因素包括：道路状况、车辆状况、驾驶条件、事故类型、证人观察、道路法规遵守情况、任务难度和疲劳程度。如果确定了足够数量的减轻因素，驾驶员将被判定部分或完全免除责任，并被评为有责任或无责任的驾驶员。如果驾驶员体内的药物导致了事故发生，预计在应受指责的驾驶员（即未被免除责任的驾驶员）中，这些药物的比例会过高。对维多利亚州发生的341起驾驶员死亡事故进行了血液酒精含量（BAC）分析。29%的驾驶员血液酒精含量超过0.05%（维多利亚州的法定限量）。在应受指责的群体中（p < 0.001）、单车事故中（p < 0.05）以及车辆无故驶离道路的事故中（p < 0.001），酒精检测呈阳性的驾驶员在统计学上比例过高。对有责任和无责任驾驶员相对风险的比值比估计表明，相对风险随血液酒精含量的增加而不成比例地上升。
