Straus S G, McGrath J E
Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890.
J Appl Psychol. 1994 Feb;79(1):87-97. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.79.1.87.
The authors investigated the hypothesis that as group tasks pose greater requirements for member interdependence, communication media that transmit more social context cues will foster group performance and satisfaction. Seventy-two 3-person groups of undergraduate students worked in either computer-mediated or face-to-face meetings on 3 tasks with increasing levels of interdependence: an idea-generation task, an intellective task, and a judgment task. Results showed few differences between computer-mediated and face-to-face groups in the quality of the work completed but large differences in productivity favoring face-to-face groups. Analysis of productivity and of members' reactions supported the predicted interaction of tasks and media, with greater discrepancies between media conditions for tasks requiring higher levels of coordination. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of using computer-mediated communications systems for group work.
随着团队任务对成员相互依赖的要求更高，传递更多社会情境线索的沟通媒介将促进团队绩效和满意度。72个由三名本科生组成的小组通过计算机媒介会议或面对面会议完成了三项相互依赖程度不断增加的任务：一个创意生成任务、一个智力任务和一个判断任务。结果显示，计算机媒介小组和面对面小组在完成工作的质量上几乎没有差异，但在生产率方面存在很大差异，面对面小组更具优势。对生产率和成员反应的分析支持了任务和媒介之间预期的相互作用，对于需要更高协调水平的任务，媒介条件之间的差异更大。本文从使用计算机媒介通信系统进行团队工作的影响方面对结果进行了讨论。
