Johnson A A, Knight E M, Edwards C H, Oyemade U J, Cole O J, Westney O E, Westney L S, Laryea H, Jones S
Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
J Nutr. 1994 Jun;124(6 Suppl):936S-942S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_6.936S.
The relationships of maternal prenatal dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements to pregnancy outcomes were investigated in a prospective observational study of urban African American women. The 322 subjects, a subset of the 744 women recruited for the study using purposive sampling, were all nulliparous, free of diabetes mellitus and abnormal hemoglobins, and delivered term, singleton infants. Sociodemographic data and monthly quantitative 24-hour food recalls were collected by trained interviewers. Maternal anthropometric measurements were obtained from the subjects' hospital records. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained by physical examinations of the newborn infants by the project pediatrician. With the exception of vitamin C, average maternal dietary intakes were within the ranges of intakes obtained in previous studies. Mean intakes of protein, vitamins A and C, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin exceeded the 1989 RDA, while those of food energy, vitamin B-6, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc were below the RDA. Underweight prior to pregnancy and low pregnancy weight gains were found among 12.9% and 44.4% of the subjects respectively. Dietary intakes were not significantly correlated with pregnancy outcomes. Maternal anthropometric measurements significantly correlated with pregnancy outcomes included delivery weight, pregnancy weight gain, weekly weight gain, prepregnancy weight, net weight gain, height, prepregnancy body mass index, and % ideal prepregnancy body weight (P < 0.05). Using the stepwise selection procedure in multiple regression analysis, delivery weight, % ideal prepregnancy body weight, and prepregnancy body mass index were selected as being predictive of infant birth weight. It was concluded that anthropometric measurements were better nutritional predictors of pregnancy outcome than dietary intake.
在一项针对城市非裔美国女性的前瞻性观察性研究中，调查了孕妇产前饮食摄入量和人体测量指标与妊娠结局之间的关系。这322名受试者是通过目的抽样法从744名招募来参与该研究的女性中选取的一个子集，她们均为初产妇，无糖尿病和异常血红蛋白，且分娩的是足月单胎婴儿。社会人口统计学数据和每月定量的24小时食物回忆信息由经过培训的访谈员收集。孕妇人体测量指标从受试者的医院记录中获取。妊娠结局数据由项目儿科医生对新生儿进行体格检查获得。除维生素C外，孕妇平均饮食摄入量在先前研究获得的摄入量范围内。蛋白质、维生素A和C、硫胺素、核黄素和烟酸的平均摄入量超过了1989年的推荐膳食摄入量（RDA），而食物能量、维生素B - 6、叶酸、钙、铁、镁和锌的摄入量低于RDA。分别有12.9%和44.4%的受试者孕前体重过轻和孕期体重增加不足。饮食摄入量与妊娠结局无显著相关性。与妊娠结局显著相关的孕妇人体测量指标包括分娩体重、孕期体重增加、每周体重增加、孕前体重、净体重增加、身高、孕前体重指数以及孕前理想体重百分比（P < 0.05）。在多元回归分析中使用逐步选择程序，分娩体重、孕前理想体重百分比和孕前体重指数被选为婴儿出生体重的预测指标。研究得出结论，人体测量指标比饮食摄入量更能作为妊娠结局的营养预测指标。
