Johnson A A, Knight E M, Edwards C H, Oyemade U J, Cole O J, Westney O E, Westney L S, Laryea H, Jones S
Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
J Nutr. 1994 Jun;124(6 Suppl):963S-972S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_6.963S.
The relationships of selected lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, recreational drug use, and exercise during pregnancy), all self-reported, to pregnancy outcomes, dietary intake during pregnancy, and maternal anthropometric measurements, were investigated in a group of urban African American pregnant women. The 234 subjects were aged 16-35 years and were free of diabetes and abnormal hemoglobins. The lifestyle data were collected by trained interviewers during the subjects' prenatal clinic visits, and the dietary data by monthly, quantitative 24-hour food recalls conducted during these same visits. Maternal anthropometric measurements were obtained from the subjects' hospital records, and pregnancy outcome data during physical examinations of the newborn infants. Both cigarette smoking and drug use were associated with significantly lower mean birth weight, length, and head circumference, while exercise was associated with a significantly higher mean birth weight, and head circumference (P < 0.05). Drug use during pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher intake of vitamin C, and a significantly lower intake of iron; while women reporting drug use before pregnancy had significantly higher mean intakes of food energy, protein, total and saturated fat, and zinc. Prepregnancy weight, percent ideal prepregnancy body weight, prepregnancy body mass index, and delivery weight were significantly lower among those reporting drug use before pregnancy. Multiple regression analyses indicated that smoking explained a relatively small proportion of the variance in infant birth weight compared with delivery weight and percent of ideal prepregnancy body weight.
在一组城市非裔美国孕妇中，研究了所有通过自我报告得出的特定生活方式因素（吸烟、饮酒、使用消遣性药物以及孕期运动）与妊娠结局、孕期饮食摄入和产妇人体测量数据之间的关系。234名受试者年龄在16至35岁之间，无糖尿病和异常血红蛋白。生活方式数据由经过培训的访谈员在受试者产前诊所就诊期间收集，饮食数据则通过在这些就诊期间每月进行的24小时定量食物回顾收集。产妇人体测量数据从受试者的医院记录中获取，妊娠结局数据则来自新生儿体检。吸烟和使用药物均与平均出生体重、身长和头围显著降低有关，而运动则与平均出生体重和头围显著升高有关（P<0.05）。孕期使用药物与维生素C摄入量显著增加以及铁摄入量显著降低有关；而报告在怀孕前使用药物的女性食物能量、蛋白质、总脂肪和饱和脂肪以及锌的平均摄入量显著更高。在报告怀孕前使用药物的人群中，孕前体重、理想孕前体重百分比、孕前体重指数和分娩体重显著更低。多元回归分析表明，与分娩体重和理想孕前体重百分比相比，吸烟对婴儿出生体重差异的解释比例相对较小。
