Subramanian D, Guntupalli K K
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
Postgrad Med. 1994 Jun;95(8):69-70, 75-8, 83-5.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the main causes of obstructive lung disease, and mortality rates of both diseases are on the increase. Smoking is the major risk factor for COPD. Airway hyperreactivity and reversibility of airflow obstruction, once considered hallmarks of asthma, may also be seen in COPD. Asthma is increasingly being recognized as a chronic inflammatory airway disease. COPD and asthma can be diagnosed through careful history taking, physical examination, spirometry, and other ancillary tests. More widespread use of peak expiratory flow rates should aid in diagnosis and monitoring.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和哮喘是阻塞性肺病的主要病因，且这两种疾病的死亡率均在上升。吸烟是COPD的主要危险因素。气道高反应性和气流阻塞的可逆性，曾被视为哮喘的标志，在COPD中也可能出现。哮喘越来越被认为是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病。COPD和哮喘可通过仔细的病史采集、体格检查、肺功能测定及其他辅助检查来诊断。更广泛地使用呼气峰值流速应有助于诊断和监测。
