Galvin J, Stephenson J, Wlodarczyk J, Loughran R, Waller G
Public Health Unit, Hunter Area Health Service, Newcastle, NSW.
Aust J Public Health. 1993 Dec;17(4):373-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00171.x.
This paper outlines a risk assessment of a lead-contaminated residential site in Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, near the Pasminco Metals-Sulphide lead and zinc smelter. The assessment includes a hazard identification and a dose-response assessment based on recent research findings; an exposure assessment based on two interrelated indicators, soil/dust lead and blood lead; a risk characterisation; and finally, a discussion of environmental and behavioural options for the management of risk. The exposure assessment showed lead concentrations of 20 to 21,460 parts per million in soil survey samples, 23 to 35,870 parts per million in household dust, and a range of mean values for blood lead concentration of 11 micrograms/dl to 17 micrograms/dl, in four study groups. The proportions of children within these groups having blood lead concentrations of 10 micrograms/dl or greater, the current level of known health effect, ranged from 57 per cent to 85 per cent. The decision by the National Health and Medical Research Council in June 1993 to set a goal for blood lead of below 10 micrograms/dl has important implications for the definition and the management of the environmental health risk from 'living with lead' in the area assessed.
本文概述了对新南威尔士州麦夸里湖一处受铅污染的住宅用地的风险评估，该地块靠近帕斯明科金属硫化物铅锌冶炼厂。评估内容包括基于近期研究结果的危害识别和剂量反应评估；基于土壤/灰尘铅含量和血铅含量这两个相关指标的暴露评估；风险特征描述；最后是关于风险管理的环境和行为选项的讨论。暴露评估显示，在四个研究组中，土壤调查样本中的铅浓度为百万分之20至21460，家庭灰尘中的铅浓度为百万分之23至35870，血铅浓度的平均值范围为11微克/分升至17微克/分升。这些组中血铅浓度达到或超过10微克/分升（已知健康影响的当前水平）的儿童比例在57%至85%之间。1993年6月，国家卫生与医学研究委员会决定将血铅目标设定为低于10微克/分升，这对于评估区域内“与铅共存”所带来的环境健康风险的定义和管理具有重要意义。
