Leaderer B P, Lioy P J, Spengler J D
John B. Pierce Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):167-77. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101s4167.
In the course of daily activities, individuals spend varying amounts of time in different spaces where they are exposed to a complex mixture of gas, vapor, and particulate contaminants. The term complex is used in this paper to refer to binary mixtures as well as truly complex mixtures of three or more constituents. The diversity of the environments where pollution may occur, the number of pollutants that may be present, and the nature of the activity in the environment combine to pose a challenge to investigators of the health effects of air pollutants. This article discusses several methods of measuring or assessing exposure to complex mixture air contaminants that include time-activity assessments, personal monitoring, biomarkers of exposure, and microenvironmental models that can be employed singly or in combination in a protocol for exposure assessment. The use of nested designs, involving more intensive data collection from samples or subjects, is also considered.
在日常活动过程中，个体在不同空间花费不同时长，在这些空间里他们会接触到气体、蒸汽和颗粒污染物的复杂混合物。本文中“复杂”一词用于指代二元混合物以及由三种或更多成分组成的真正复杂的混合物。污染可能发生的环境的多样性、可能存在的污染物数量以及环境中的活动性质，共同给空气污染物健康影响的研究人员带来了挑战。本文讨论了几种测量或评估复杂混合物空气污染物暴露的方法，包括时间 - 活动评估、个人监测、暴露生物标志物以及微环境模型，这些方法可以单独使用或在暴露评估方案中组合使用。还考虑了嵌套设计的使用，即从样本或受试者收集更密集的数据。
